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México
.- In the history of the mining the
conflict is present in various moments, and in recent times the opposition to
mining sites is given under environmental justice arguments, human rights,
recovery of peoples and indigenous cultures, as well as the national
patrimonies defense, regional and local.
The proliferation of these problems requires of the study of the
processes of reconfiguration social and territorial that causes this
activity, and also of the society that rejects it. The investigator Andrew
Boni Noguez (ABN), it analyzed from a geographical perspective the
territorial conflict provoked by the site of a mining project in Real de
Catorce, San Luis Potosi. "The theoretical approach is on the territory
and the territoriality; what is mean, a territory can mean many things for
different groups that exchange with them". The doctoral thesis Mining, conservation and indigenous
rights: territory and conflict in Catorce, San Luis Potosi documents the
struggle in a sacred considerate zone by the Huicholes, that even though they
do not live there, but to 400 kilometers, between Nayarit and Jalisco State,
each year accomplish pilgrimage ritual to this zone desert and they do not
want that it will be affected by the mining developments. In the Catorce
area, SLP, that activity has been developed without interrupting from
final of the century XVIII. In connection with the mines were seated trade
and community center peasants and communities that live of the cattle-raising
accustomed to the mining. At present, in addition to tourists, mining and
peasant, there is a group that, without inhabiting the place, has a spiritual
relationship with the site, while the local population has shown their
support to the reopening of the mine.
The
Huicholes (wixaritari) inhabit in the Sierra Madre Occidental, in the Jalisco
and Nayarit States. Each year groups of they accomplish from their ritual
communities to the Catorce zone. "Wirikuta, as is nominate this area
that understands the saw and large part of the flatness that surrounds it,
occupies an important place in the Cosmo-vision of this people, since for the
ethnic the origin of the Sun took place in one of the crests of the saw and
the balance of the universe depends on the offer that each year accomplish
the Huicholes pilgrims ". According to the work
of the ABN, doctor in geography, the conflict began in September of 2010, after be discovered that
a company was intending to reopen one of the next mines to Real de Catorce,
before something which the leaders of the people Huichol, allies with
nongovernmental organizations, made public their rejection. "The
movement earned impulse with the support of other groups that were added to
the social movement and procured a follow-up annexed that had not been seen
for a struggle against the mining in Mexico". One of the objectives of
the work of ABN, was to understand as the different social factors intervene
and as are communicated to the public field, to the government and to the
courts; what is summarized to investigate how it is spoken of this place,
since these are factors to understand the development of the conflict.
Thus
in this work is described to each one of the central factors of the conflict:
Huicholes, that they belong to the civil organization, Front in defense of Wirikuta,
that join together to all of that ethnic with related activities, but
external, the company First Majestic and the local communities of the Catorce
zone, SLP. Furthermore in the bordering localities to Real de Catorce and
made a work of the conflict in the study zone. One of the conclusions after
three investigation years, is that in spite of the existence of a great
number of problems in the country between various communities and mining
companies, "we must know the particularities, since cannot be
generalized and said that all the conflicts of this type are developed of
specific way". The confrontation between those which are in favor of the
mine and those which are in against, carries to be outlined new you ask,
between them, who is it the premises, the communities that carry centuries
living there or the Huicholes that carry more time visiting it by considering
them a relevant place than it is part of their Cosmo-vision, though they are
not inhabitants of the place. "It is considered a tension between the
territorial rights of the indigenous peoples and the property rights of the
people that lives there, most of ejido – men, not indigenous".
Civil servant murdered in
Chiapas
The
first regidor of the town hall of Chamula, San Cristobal de las Casas, Mateo Gomez
Gomez, will substitute to the mayor Domingo Lopez Gonzalez (DLG), murdered on
Saturday past (July 23, 2016), near four persons more, it informed Ponciano
Gomez Gomez (PGG) of the Verde Party.
This official member of the Municipal Committee of the Verde, said
that the traditional authorities of the three neighborhoods in which is
divided the municipality of San Juan, San Sebastian and San Pedro, "were
put into agreement so that are observed the uses and mores, and is complied
with the law". Fixed that the civil servant of town council murdered was
belonging to the neighborhood of San Pedro, the one which corresponds to them
to govern this triennium, since the charge is rotary, according to the uses
and mores. The official of the Verde advanced that we go to request the federal
and state governments, as well as the congresses respective that intervene
because what has passed (the homicides of the civil servant and four persons
more) is by the poverty, for lack of resources to attend the needs of the
people". At the same time the state
attorney, Raciel Lopez Salazar informed that the investigation by the
assassinations of DLG and other four persons is based on three lines: a
revenge of community political actors, the political adversity, and an
economic line, concerning works and municipal supports.
In
a communique, added that "there is no descriptions toward institutions
or parties: on the contrary, we have fully they identified to the persons
that participated in the facts occurred in San Juan Chamula and we work so
that soon all would face to the justice". It was recalled that a day
after the criminal facts were stopped responsible presumed seven, who to the
moment already face the corresponding penal processes. On the other hand, Daniel
Basulto, substituting of Ambrosio Soto, mayor of Pungarabato (Altamirano City),
Guerrero executed the weekend past, accepted yesterday to assume the
mayoralty. Interviewed on Wednesday by the regional radio, made known that
the PRD will be made responsible of the procedure their takes of protest in
the Guerrero Congress. Added that it will not take special safety measures,
and of be necessary will be moved in their own vehicle. As far as he is concerned,
Roberto Zapoteco, Zitlala mayor, also in Guerrero, demanded to the federal
and state governments that is reinforced the safety in their municipality,
one of the most harassed by the organized delinquency. Indicated that the state
government assigned to them safety.
In
so much, the wife of the entrepreneur Raymundo Nogueda representative of
ejido-men of the town La Poza, of the Acapulco municipality, and ex candidate to
governing by the ES Party. Made known that this is found disappeared from the
past 22 of July. The Mrs. made known that the General district attorney's
office of the State considers that her husband suffered a forced
disappearance, since it has not been received communications requesting
rescue. It is considered that the assassination of Pungarabato is of
character of safety, not political, the governing Hector Astudillo of Guerrero
said. (La Jornada, politica, p.p. 20-21, July 28, 16).
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